Anatomy of a map

Most maps have elements in common. Here are some, along with the terms that cartographers (mapmakers) use to describe them:

• Citation: This is information about data sources used in making the map and when the map was made.
• Collar: This is the white space that surrounds the neatline (see the upcoming definition) and the mapped area.
• Compass rose: A map has either a simple arrow that shows north or a full compass rose (an image that indicates all four directions) so the user can correctly orient the map to a compass.
• Coordinates: Maps usually have either letters and numbers or coordinates (such as latitude and longitude values) marked along the borders so users can locate positions on the map.
• Legend: This is a box that shows an explanation of symbols used on the map. Some maps show all the symbols; others rely on a separate symbol guide.
• Mapped area: This is the main part of the map, displaying the geographic area.
• Neatline: This is the line that surrounds the mapped area.
• Scale: This distance-equivalence information (such as “one inch = one mile”) helps you estimate distances on a map and is typically found at the bottom.
• Title: This is usually the name of the map, but it also tells you which area it’s mapping.